OK…so, let’s say you have a bolt you expect to be a pain in the butt to remove — specifically a downstream O2 sensor.
Is there any reason to use penetrating fluid on a bolt when you find it just as efficient to heat it to extract it?
If it is just as easy to heat it, why waste the time and money spraying it with penetrating oil? 🤷♂️
Also don't rule out my favorite for the REAL stubborn stuff...
Get one side red hot (either the bolt, or whatever it screws into, (not both if you can help it) with a torch, then pour ice water on it. Obviously not an operation for cast materials, but the temp shock and differential will do wonders to break the corrosion bond. Your goal is to shrink one or the other real fast while the other doesn't. The larger the diff in temperature between the two, the better.
Other than that, heat and/or an impact are always my go-to. Another one is getting evil on the bolt head with an air hammer loaded with a blunt end with the idea of just trying to break the bond down in the threads. I've had to use that quite often on tractors with larger bolt heads.
Of course on a O2 sensor, the options are limited... but the heat should do it. Just use map gas so it actually gets hot. Propane isn't anywhere near as good